Madison was formerly part of Guilford. The parish of East Guilford was organized in 1707, Madison became a separate town and was incorporated in May 1826 as Connecticut's 128th town. Madison was named for President James Madison. Among Madison's distinguished sons were Thomas Chittenden, the first Governor of Vermont and George W. Scranton, founder of Scranton, PA.

Madison is located in New Haven County east of New Haven between Guilford and Clinton near the Long Island Sound. Hammonasset Beach State Park and the Hammonasset River are nearby. Madison has a large summer population. Hammonasset Beach State Park is Connecticut's largest public beach. It was acquired by the State in 1919 and has around 1,000 acres, two miles of white sandy beaches and wonderful saltwater swimming. The park offers visitors beach Wheelchairs available on a first come-first served basis, picnic shelter, pavilion, concession, flush toilets, changing rooms, paved parking, fishing areas and drinking water.

The Green and town center offer a interesting variety to both residents and visitors. Featuring a cinema, a number of clothing and gift boutiques, sandwich and sweet shops, linen appointed restaurants. The town also hosts a variety of summer events including antique shows, art and craft shows, musicals and dramatic performing arts.

Some points of interest:

Deacon John Grave House - Built in 1685 the house evolved from a primitive 2-room dwelling to a classic New England saltbox, was inhabited for over 300 years by the descendants of Deacon John Grave I. The house has been used as a private residence, school, wartime infirmary and weapons depot, inn, tavern and courtroom during its lifetime.

Allis-Bushnell House and Museum - Cornelius Bushnell lived in this home, built in 1785. As the sponsor of the S. S. Monitor, Bushnell played an important part in American naval history. The house features antique furniture, household items and ship models. A focal point of every visit is the model of the S. S. Monitor. Free admission. For many years it has housed the Madison Historical Society and is open during the summer months.